{"id":10860,"date":"2023-05-18T16:57:20","date_gmt":"2023-05-18T11:57:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fyut.uz\/?p=10860"},"modified":"2023-05-18T16:58:56","modified_gmt":"2023-05-18T11:58:56","slug":"oqitishning-kredit-modul-tizimining-talabalar-uchun-afzalliklari-mavzusidagi-maqola-chop-etildi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fyut.uz\/?p=10860","title":{"rendered":"\u201cO\u2018QITISHNING KREDIT \u2013 MODUL TIZIMINING TALABALAR UCHUN AFZALLIKLARI\u201d mavzusidagi maqola chop etildi."},"content":{"rendered":"
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<\/a>\u267b\ufe0f Prezidentimiz tomonidan yoshlarimizga yaratilayotgan shart-sharoitlardan unumli foydalangan holda texnikumning 2-bosqich «Yuridik xizmat» yo\u02bbnalishi, 13-21 guruh o\u02bbquvchisi Azimova Odinabonu Baxromjon qizi o\u02bbzining iqtidori, serqirra faoliyati bilan turli sohalarda o\u02bbtkazilgan konfirensiyalarda ko\u02bbplab yutuqlarni qo\u02bblga kiritmoqda.<\/p>\n

<\/a>\ud83d\udd39 Jumladan, \u201cPEDAGOG RESPUBLIKA ILMIY JURNALI\u201d elektron-onlayn konferensiyalar jurnalining 15-may 6-tom 5-sonida \u201cO\u2018QITISHNING KREDIT \u2013 MODUL TIZIMINING TALABALAR UCHUN AFZALLIKLARI\u201d mavzusidagi maqolasi chop etildi.<\/p>\n

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<\/a>O\u2019QITISHNING KREDIT \u2013 MODUL TIZIMINING TALABALAR UCHUN AFZALLIKLARI <\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/a>Azimova Odinabonu Baxromjon qizi <\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/a>Annotatsiya<\/strong>: Maqolada Kredit-modul tizimini O\u2019zbekiston oliy ta\u2018lim muassasalarida qo\u2019llash bosqichlari va ularning ahamiyati tahlil etilgan bo\u2019lib, unda kredit- modul tizimining mazmun va mohiyati, ustuvor tomonlari, bu tizimning talabalar bilimini oshirishdagi ahamiyati muallifning tavsiya va fikrlari ilmiy asoslab ko\u2019rsatilgan. Shuningdek, dunyo mamlakatlarining ta\u02bclim tizimida kredit-modul tizimining o\u2019ziga xos xususiyatlari, imkoniyatlari va afzalliklari haqida fikrlar keltirilgan. <\/em><\/p>\n

<\/a>Kalit so\u201fzlar<\/strong>: Kredit, modul, kredit-modul tizimi, kredit-modul tizimi ahamiyati, kredit-modul tizimi imkoniyati, kredit tarixi. <\/em><\/p>\n

<\/a>Kredit (credit)<\/strong> – talabaning alohida ta\u2018lim yo\u2019nalishi yoki dasturi (kurs) bo\u2019yicha fanlarni o\u2019qib o\u2019rganishi va o\u2019zlashtirishi uchun sarflangan vaqt yuklamasining (vaqtning) o\u2019lchov birligidir. Kredit – talabaning me\u2018yoriy hujjat bilan belgilangan, odatda bir hafta davomida auditoriyada mustaqil ravishda ta\u02bclim olishi uchun ajratilgan minimal vaqt o\u2019lchovidir. Talabaga kredit ma\u2018lum bir fandan belgilangan topshiriqlarni bajarib, yakuniy imtihondan muvaffaqiyatli o\u2019tgandan so\u2019ng beriladi.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Har bir talaba kelajakda tanlagan yo\u2019nalishi va mutaxassisligi bo\u2019yicha diplomga ega bo\u2019lishi uchun kreditlarni yig\u2019ib borishi lozim. To\u2019plangan kredit talabaga butun umr davomida o\u2019zining malakasini oshirib borish yoki qo\u2019shimcha oliy ma\u02bclumot olishiga xizmat qilib boraveradi. Iqtisodiy tilda aytganda, to\u2019plangan kredit talabaning akademik, aktiviga aylanib boradi.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Tarix. <\/strong>Kredit ilk marotaba XVIII-XIX asrlarda AQSh universitetlarida joriy etilgan bo\u2019lib, o\u2019quv jarayonlarini liberalizatsiya qilish, talabaning haftalik akademik yuklamasini belgilab berish maqsadida yaratilgan.<\/p>\n

<\/a>1869-yilda Garvard universiteti prezidenti, Amerika ta\u2019limining taniqli arbobi Charls Uilyam Eliot, \u2013Kredit soati\u2016 tushunchasini iste\u2019molga kiritadi. Shunday qilib, 1870-1880-yillarda kredit soatlari bilan o\u2019lchanadigan tizim joriy qilinadi. Kredit tizimi bilan o\u2019qish va o\u2019quv jarayonini mustaqil ravishda rejalashtirish, uning sifatini nazorat qilish, ta\u02bclim texnologiyalarini takomillashtirish uchun imkoniyat yaratib berdi.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Kredit to\u2019plash o\u2019lchovining kiritilishi talabaga katta erkinlik berish bilan bir qatorda, kelajakda tanlagan sohasining raqobatbardosh mutaxassisi bo\u2019lib yetishishi uchun akademik jarayonni mustaqil rejalashtirish imkonini ham taqdim etdi. Ayni chog\u2019da, baholash tizimi va ta\u02bclim texnologiyalarning takomillashishiga ham olib keldi.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Modul <\/strong>– bu, bir nechta fan hamda kurslar o\u2019rganiladigan o\u2019quv rejasining bir qismi. U talabalarda ma\u2019lum bir bilim va ko\u2019nikma hosil qilish, tahliliy – mantiqiy mushohada yuritish salohiyatiga ega bo\u2019lishiga qaratilgan bir nechta fanlar (kurslar) majmui hisoblanadi. Bunda o\u2019qituvchi o\u2019quv jarayonini tashkil qiladi, jonli, video hamda audio ma\u2018ruzalar o\u2019qiydi, talabaning faoliyatini muvofiqlashtiradi va nazorat qiladi. Talaba esa mavzuni mustaqil o\u2019rganadi hamda berilgan topshiriqlarni bajaradi.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Xorijiy tajribaga asosan kredit-modul tizimida o\u2019quv jarayoni har semestrda 2-4 tagacha moduldan iborat bo\u2019ladi. Modulda jamlangan fanlar osondan murakkablik sari, nazariy-uslubiy fanlardan amaliy fanlarga qarab hamda mantiqiy jihatdan bir-birini o\u2019zaro to\u2019ldirish prinsipi asosida shakllantiriladi. Talaba mutaxassis bo\u2019lib shakllanishi uchun nafaqat axborotlar, balki ularni qayta ishlash, amaliyotga joriy qila olish- malakasiga ega bo\u2019lishi talab etiladi.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Modulga asoslangan o\u2019quv dasturlari maxsus sxema asosida ishlab chiqiladi va quyidagilarni o\u2019z ichiga qamrab oladi:<\/p>\n

<\/a>-o\u2019quv maqsadi hamda vazifalarning to\u2019liq ochib berilishi;<\/p>\n

<\/a>– talabaning fanni (kursni) boshlashi va tugatishidan keyingi orttirishi lozim bo\u2019ladigan malakasiga qo\u2019yiladigan talablar;<\/p>\n

<\/a>-modul tarkibiga kirgan har bir farning qisqacha mazmuni (sillabus), ya\u2019ni ma\u2019ruzalar mavzulari, seminar va amaliy mashg\u2019ulotlarning rejasi, mustagil ta\u2018limni baholash uchun mo\u02bbljallangan topshiriqlar;<\/p>\n

<\/a>-o\u2019qitishning qisqacha bayoni: ta\u2018lim berish usul hamda vositalari; bilimlarni baholashning usul va shakllaridan iborat.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Modul asosida o\u2019qitish tizimida talabalar bilimi, malakasi hamda ko\u2019nikmasini baholashda reyting baholash tizimidan foydalaniladi. Unda talabaning barcha o\u2019quv faoliyati, ya\u2018ni auditoriya va auditoriyadan tashqarida olgan, o\u2019zlash-tirgan bilimlari ball berish orqali baholanadi.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Kredit-modul tizimi<\/strong>, bu – ta\u02bclimni tashkil etish jarayoni bo\u2019lib, o\u2019qitishning modul texnologiyalari jamlamasi va kredit o\u2019lchovi asosida baholash modeli hisoblanadi. Uni bir butunlikda olib borish serqirra hamda murakkab tizimli jarayondir. Kredit-modul tamoyilida ikkita asosiy masalaga ahamiyat beriladi: talabalarning mustaqil ishlashini ta\u2019minlash; talabalar bilimini reyting asosida baholash.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Kredit – modul tizimining asosiy vazifalari sifatida quyidagilar e\u2018tirof etiladi:<\/p>\n

<\/a>-o\u2019quv jarayonlarini modul asosida tashkil qilish;<\/p>\n

<\/a>-bitta fan, kurs (kredit) ning qiymatini aniqlash;<\/p>\n

<\/a>-talabalar bilimini reyting bali asosida baholash;<\/p>\n

<\/a>-talabalarga o\u2019zlarining o\u2019quv rejalarini individual tarzda tuzishlariga imkon yaratish;<\/p>\n

<\/a>-ta\u2018lim jarayonida mustaqil ta\u02bclim olishning usulini oshirish;<\/p>\n

<\/a>-ta\u02bclim dasturlarining qulayligi va mehnat bozorida mutaxassisga qo\u2019yilgan talabdan kelib chiqib o\u2019zgartirish mumkinligi<\/p>\n

<\/a>Davlatimiz rahbari tomonidan 2019-yilning 1-oktabrida \u2013O\u2019zbekiston Respublikasi oliy ta\u2018lim tizimini 2030-yilgacha rivojlantirish konsepsiyasini tasdiqlash to\u2019g\u2019risida\u2016gi Farmoni imzolandi. Ushbu muhim dasturilamal hujjatarda, respublikadagi hamda 10 ta oliy ta\u02bclim muassasasini xalqaro e\u2018tirof etilgan tashkilotlar (Quacquarelli Symonds World University Ran kings, Times Nigher Education yoki Academic Ranking of World Universities) reytingining birinchi 1000 to o\u2019rindagi oliy ta’lim muassasalari ro\u2019yxatiga kiritish va oliy ta\u2019lim muassasalarida o\u2019quv jarayonini bosqichma-bosqich kredit-modul tizimiga o\u2019tkazish belgilab berildi.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Shuningdek, 2030-yilga qadar respublikadagi barcha oliy ta\u02bclim muassasasi (DTM) ning 85 foizi, jumladan, 2020\/2021 o\u2019quv yilining oxida 33 ta oliy ta\u02bclim dargohini kredit- modul tizimiga o\u2019tkazish ko\u2019rsatib o\u2019tildi.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Kredit-modul tizimi avvalambor mamlakatimiz oliy ta\u2018lim tizimiga ta\u02bclimning amaldagidan ko\u2019ra ancha mukammal o\u2019lchov birligini olib kiradi.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Unga ko\u2019ra, universitetda o\u2019tiladigan har bir fan endilikda undagi o\u2019qish yuklamasi miqdoriga qarab, kreditlarda aks etadi. Masalan, har bir fan o\u2019rtacha 5,6 yoki 7,5 kreditlarda aks etishi mumkin. Talaba esa har semestr, o\u2019quv yilida muayyan miqdorda kreditlar to\u2019plab borishi mumkin, va bu miqdorga qarab, unga bakalavr yoki magistr darajasi beriladi.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Yangi tizimning talabalar uchun afzalliklari. <\/strong>Mazkur tizimning oliy ta\u2018limga joriy qilinishi o\u2019qitish sifatini oshirish, shaffoflikni ta\u2018minlash, korrupsiyaga barham berish, ta\u2018lim oluvchining haqiqiy bilimini yuzaga chiqarish hamda talabaning mustaqil o\u2019qibo\u2019rganib, o\u2019zi ustida ishlashiga zamin yaratadi. Bugungi kunda Yevropa kredit tizimi qit\u2018aning deyarli barcha oliy o\u2019quv yurtida amalga qo\u2019llab kelinmoqda. Kredit-modul tizimining joriy etilishi o\u2019qituvchi va talabaning hamkorlikda ishlashida muhim rol o\u2019ynaydi. Modulli ta\u2018limda pedagog talabaning o\u2019zlashtirish jarayonini tashkil etadi, boshqaradi, maslahat beradi, tekshiradi. Talaba esa yo\u2019naltirilgan obyekt tomon mustaqil harakat qiladi. Eng katta urg\u2019u ham talabalarning mustaqil ta\u02bclim olishiga qaratiladi.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Bu juda ham yaxshi va samarali usuldir. Chunki talaba darsliklardan, adabiyotlardan va internet saytlarida mavzuga oid materiallarni izlab topadi, o\u2019z ustida ishlaydi va chiqargan xulosalarini o\u2019qituvchi yetkazadi, mavzuni o\u2019qituvchi tomonidan umumlashtirilish bilan uni musrahkamlab oladi. Xulosa qilib aytganda, kredit-modul tizimi talabalarga ko\u2019plab imkoniyatlar yaratadi. Kredit-modul tizimining ahamiyati ham talabalarning ta\u2018lim olishlarida yuqori bo\u2019ladi.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Kelajak biz yoshlar qo\u2019lida ekan rivojlanish uchun zarur bo\u2019lgan barcha imkoniyatlarni ishga solib islohotlarni qurqmasdan amalga oshirib ulardan maksimal darajada. Har birimiz yurtimizning kelajagi uchun astoydil harakat qilamiz. Ilm olishdan, o\u2019rganishdan hech qachon charchamaylik!<\/p>\n

<\/a>FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR RO\u201fYXATI: <\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/a>1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 O\u2019zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidentining 2019 yil 8-oktabrdagi \u2013 O\u2019zbekiston Respublikasi oliy ta\u2018lim tizimini 2030 yilgacha rivojlantirish konsepsiyasini tasdiqlash to\u2019g\u2019risidagi PF-5847- son Farmoni<\/p>\n

<\/a>2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 O\u2019.Asqarova, M.Nishonov, M. Xayitba\u0435v \u2013 P\u0435dagogika T., – Talqin 2008 y<\/p>\n

<\/a>3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 M.To\u2019xtaxo\u2019jayeva \u2013 P\u0435dagogika T., – O\u2019qituvchi 2010 y<\/p>\n

<\/a>4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 O.U.Avlayev, S.N. Jo\u2019rayeva, S.P.Mirzayeva \u2013 Ta\u2018lim metodlari o\u2019quvuslubiy qo\u2019llanma, – Navro\u2019z nashriyoti, Toshkent \u2013 2017<\/p>\n

<\/a>5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pedagogika nazariyasi va tarixi. R.Mavlonova va boshqalar. \u2013 Toshkent, Fan va texnologiya. 2010.<\/p>\n

<\/a>6.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u041c\u043e\u043d\u0433\u0443\u0448 \u041c.\u0412. \u041c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e-\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \/\/ \u0412\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a \u043f\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \/ \u041d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442. – 2007.<\/p>\n

<\/a>7.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0421\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0411.\u0410. \u0411\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441: \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f. – \u041c.: \u0424\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, 2006.<\/p>\n

<\/a>8.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Usmonov B.Sh. Xabibullayev R.A Oliy o\u2019quv yurtlarida o\u2019quv jarayonini kredit-modul tizimida tashkil qilish. O\u2018quv qo\u2018llanma. \u2013Toshkent, TKTI, 2020. \u2013 120 bet<\/p>\n

<\/a>9.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 O\u2018rinov. O\u2018zbekiston Respublikasi oliy ta\u2018lim muassasalarida ECTS kreditmodul tizimi: asosiy tushunchalar va qoidalar. O\u2018quv qo\u2018llanma. Nyu Bransvik Universiteti, 2020 y.<\/p>\n

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